Prostate cancer has become the most common cancer type in male patient population in recent years. In cases where the tumor extends beyond the prostatic capsule, it’s impossible to obtain a complete cure. Thus, determination of diagnostic methods in the early period of the disease is the main aim of many studies carried out in recent years.

In clinical practice, various biochemical parameters are used to determine the difference between benign and malignant prostate lesions. In addition to these parameters, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, a precancerous lesion, is evaluated histopathologically in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) as a predictor of invasive prostate cancer. Prostate intraepithelial neoplasia is a lesion displaying various degrees of nuclear anaplasia and characterized by cellular proliferations within prostatic ducts and acini without invasion of stroma.

In the present study, the prostate transitional zone tissue samples of patients with BPH that underwent prostatectomy were examined histopathologically for the presence of PIN. Furthermore, the incidence of PIN in transitional zone of patients with BPH was determined and the relationship of PIN with clinical variables such as, age, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density was evaluated.