This study aimed to determine the prevalence of foot and claw lesions and their association with lameness scores in 1.685 dairy cattle, including 1.322 Holstein and 363 Simmental breeds, across 11 different farms located in the eastern part of the Küçük Menderes River Basin. The relationship between claw lesions and lameness was evaluated using the Chi-square test. Lesions were observed in 365 Holstein cattle (27.6%) and 97 Simmental cattle (26.72%). The three most common lesions in both breeds were digital dermatitis, sole ulcer, and white line disease. Lameness was observed in 123 Holstein cattle and 43 Simmental cattle with lesions. Lameness was most frequently associated with heel erosion, sole hemorrhage, and white line disease. In Holstein cattle, significant differences were found in lameness scores between affected and unaffected animals: heel erosion (0 vs. 2), sole hemorrhage (0 vs. 1, and 0 vs. 2), sole ulcer (0 vs. 1, 0 vs. 2, 0 vs. 3, and 1 vs. 3), white line disease (0 vs. 1 and 0 vs. 2), and digital dermatitis (0 vs. other scores) (p<0.05). Similarly, for Simmental cattle, significant differences were noted: heel erosion (0 vs. 2), sole hemorrhage (0 vs. 3), sole ulcer (0 vs. 2, 0 vs. 3, and 1 vs. 3), white line disease (0 vs. 1), and digital dermatitis (0 vs. other scores) (p<0.05). The findings suggest that infectious lesions are widespread, while non-infectious lesions are associated with higher lameness rates. The relationship between lesions and lameness scores may vary by breed.