In this study, it was aimed to ultrasonographically investigate the normal and pathological structures of the urinary systems of the cattle of different ages, breeds, weights and sexes. The screening of the urinary system was carried out with transabdominal and transrectal methods utilizing 3.5-5 MHz convex and 5-7.5 MHz lineer probes.

The findings obtained from normal and pathologic structures during ultrasonographical examination were as follow: In normal renal capsule, cortex and medulla were observed respectively as hyperechogen, echogen and hypoechogen. The dimention of kidneys in the 20 cattle were between 8.0-10.1 cm in width and 5.1-7.0 cm in depth.

In a survey, 136 out of 1000 cattle (approximately 13.6 %) were determined to possess urinary system disorders which was determined to cause the loss of the productivity of meat and milk in the cattle. In these cases, renal cysts (7 %), nephrolithiasis (7 %), hydronephrosis (11 %), pyelonephritis (11 %), renal neoplasms (1 %), cystitis (11 %) and neoplasm of urinary bladder (3 %), rupture (8 %), dilatation (12 %) and uroliths (15 %) of the urinary bladder were encountered. In conclusion, the urinary system diseases in the cattle presents an important problem and ultrasonographical evaluation must be in primary diagnostic practise on them.