Objective: To evaluate our laparoscopic approach with 3-D imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood non-palpable testes.

Materials and Methods: Between June 2016 and June 2020, 40 unpalpable testis cases between the ages of 1-14 (average 4.1) years, where in 18 the testes could not be detected by physical examination, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and in 22 where the testes were detected intraabdominally by magnetic resonance imaging, laparoscopic intervention was performed in the form of three-dimensional imaging, laparoscopic orchiopexy or laparoscopic orchiectomy.

Results: The testis could not be palpated at the right side in 22 patients, at the left side in 14 patients and bilaterally in 4 patients. In 4 cases with bilateral unpalpable, eight cases with unpalpable left side and ten cases with unpalpable right side, the testis was detected intraabdominally by magnetic resonance imaging, and laparoscopic orchiopexy was performed with three-dimensional imaging in all of these cases (26 testes) with intraabdominally located testes. In 18 cases (18 testes) where the testes could not be detected by physical examination and imaging methods, the testes were detected intraabdominally by laparoscopy. While laparoscopic orchiectomy was performed in 6 of these cases, laparoscopic orchiopexy was performed with three-dimensional imaging in 12 cases. Histopathological evaluation of six patients who underwent orchiectomy was compatible with atrophic testis.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic intervention with three-dimensional imaging is an effective and reliable method in the diagnosis and treatment of testicles that cannot be detected by imaging methods due to the advantages of three-dimensional imaging.