ELAZIĞ BÖLGESİNDE TABANİDAE( DİPTERA) TÜRLERİ

Bu çalışma, Elazığ yöresinde bulunan Tabanidae türlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile 2003 yılı Haziran–Eylül ayları arasında yapılmıştır. Tabanidae örnekleri Merkez, Sivrice, Keban ve Pertek ilçelerine gidilerek toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada toplam, 434 Tabanidae örneğinden 3 cinse ait 20 tür tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre Chrysops cinsinden üç tür (C. flavipes, C. buxtoni, C. hamatus ), Tabanus cinsinden onbir tür (T. autumnalis, T. cordiger, T. eggeri, T. indrae, T. leleani, T. miki, T. oppugnator, T. regularis, T. spectabilis, T. spodopterus, T. unifasciatus) ve Haematopota cinsinden altı tür (H. bigoti, H. hennauxi, H. kemali, H. pallens, H. pluvialis, H. sewelli) identifiye edilmiştir.

This study was carried out in order to identify Tabanidae species in the Elazığ province between June and September 2003. A total of 434 Tabanidae specimens were collected at the localities including the centrum of Elazığ and its disticts including Sivrice, Keban and Pertek. Twenty species from three genera were identified during this study. Three species from Chrysops (C. flavipes, C. buxtoni, C. hamatus), 11 species from Tabanus (T. autumnalis, T. cordiger, T. eggeri, T. indrae, T. leleani, T. miki, T. oppugnator, T. regularis, T. spectabilis, T. spodopterus, T. unifasciatus), 6 species from Haematopota (H. bigoti, H. hennauxi, H. kemali, H. pallens, H. pluviali, H. sewelli) were identified.

Introduction

Tabanidae family belonging to Diptera has a worldwide distribution. The presence of many species was reported earlier in Turkey [1-16].

Tabanids are a cosmopolitan family of usually medium to large-sized Diptera, commonly known as horse or deer flies. Females of extant forms are blood feeders and obtain their meals from a variety of vertebrate hosts. Males feed on nectar and pollen of flowers [17]. The presence of these flies in very large swarms around cattle could lead to the loss of so much blood that there is a large drop in the milk yield and a deterioration in their condition [18,19].

The causative organisms of disease including anaplasmosis, anthrax, tularemia, brucellosis, trypanosomiasis, equine infectious anemia and vesicular stomatitis are known to be mechanically transmitted by tabanids. Some species are also the vectors f Loa loa, Diroflaria roemeri and Onchocerca gibsoni [20-23].

Approximately, 3500 species belonging to Tabanidae were identified in the world [24],161 species and 13 subspecies of this species have been determined in Turkey [23,25].

This study was conducted to identify Tabanidae species in the Elazığ, a province at eastern Turkey.

Material and Method

In this study, specimens were collected from Elazığ (Centrum), Sivrice, Keban and Pertek districts between June and September 2003. A total of 434 Tabanidae specimens were collected from hosts by hand or by bottles containing cyanide at noon hours.

The specimens were brought to the laboratory and were stretched in their natural position. Later, they were reserved for identification in special boxes, with written protocol knowledge outside surface. Besides Glo tablets were abandoned in boxes to prevent to development the moth-insect.

Tabanidae of specimens were secured to be define eyes of tape and blot in boxes that was moist cotton in the base was held 5-6 hours. Later, each fly was identified eye tape, frontal tape index, figure and bigness of frontal callus, appearance of antenna and palp, to be or not to be figured of the wing, figure of blot over the abdomen, to profit by interested source [7,16,26-30].

Results

Twenty species from three genera (Chrysops, Tabanus, Haematopota) were identified in the present study at the region (Table 1). Three species from Chrysops (C. flavipes, C. buxtoni, C. hamatus), eleven species from Tabanus (T. autumnalis, T. cordiger, T. eggeri, T. indrae, T. leleani, T. miki, T. oppugnator, T. regularis, T. spectabilis, T. spodopterus, T. unifasciatus ) and six species from Haematopota (H. bigoti, H. hennauxi, H. kemali, H. pallens, H. pluvialis, H. sewelli) were identified.

Species identified were given in Table 1, according to working centres, 12 species of Centrum, 16 species of Sivrice, 8 species of Keban and 11 species of Pertek was registered as seen in the table. T. eggeri (119 number, 27.41%) was the most abundantly collected species. C. flavipes (53 number, 12.21%) second line, C. hamatus (38 number, 8.75 %) third line, C. buxtoni and H. Kemali (24 number, 5.52 %) fourth line were taken. T. oppugnator, H. pallens, T. cordiger, H. hennauxi and T. Spodopterus were minimum collected species.

The specimens of Tabanidae were collected the most abundantly in Sivrice (238 number, 54.83%) and the least abundantly in Keban (27 number, 6.22%). In 20 species were identified throughout study, 8 species in centrum (C. buxtoni, H. hennauxi, H. pallens, H. pluvialis, H. sewelli, T. cordiger, T.leleani, T. unifasciatus); 4 species in Sivrice (T.autumnalis, T. indrae, T. oppugnator, T.spodopterus); 12 species in Keban (C. flavipes, C.buxtoni, H. bigoti, H. hennauxi, H. kemali, T.cordiger, T. eggeri, T. indrae, T. leleani, T. miki, T.oppugnator, T. unifasciatus); 9 species in Pertek (C. flavipes, C. hamatus, H. bigoti, H. hennauxi, T. autumnalis, T. eggeri, T. leleani, T. regularis, T. spectabilis) were not found. H. Hennauxi and T. Leleani were present only in Sivrice.

Discussion

Until today, the studies were conducted about Tabanidae in Turkey identifying two species of Stonemyia genus, 10 species of Pangonius genus, 7 species of Silvius, three species of Nemorius, 9 species of Chrysops, 14 species of Atylotus genus, three species of Therioplectes, 16 species of Hybomitra genus, 62 species of Tabanus genus, 25 species of Haematopota, 6 species of Dasyrhamphis, 4 species of Philipomyia in order to get total of 161 species and 13 subspecies relating to this genus [1,3-6,16,25,29-34].

In this study three species from Chrysops, 11 species from Tabanus, 6 species from Haematopota being twenty species were identified. The presence of these species was also reported in earlier studies [1,2,13,35]. However, Atylotus agricola, Haematopota crassicornis and Tabanus tergestinus that had been reported in Elazığ [1] could not be identified in this study.

Three species including Chrysops flavipes, C. buxtoni, C. hamatus were identified in Elazığ province of Turkey for the first time. However, the occurence of the species were recorded earlier from different region of Turkey [1-6,8-10,13-16,23,25,31,32].

Many species from Tabanus genus were reported earlier from different regions of Turkey [1-15,22,23,25,26,29,30-34] although eleven species (T. autumnalis, T. cordiger, T. eggeri, T. indrae, T. leleani, T. miki, T. oppugnator, T. regularis, T. spectabilis, T. spodopterus, T. Unifasciatus) were determined in this study.

Seven species from Haematopota genus were identified by Erdoğmuş [1] and 25 species from Haematopota genus were identified by Kılıç [3]. Six species of them (H. bigoti, H. hennauxi, H. kemali, H. pallens, H. pluvialis, H. sewelli ) also were found in the present study.

These flies were found between June and September. No tabanid species were found in May and October in Elazığ vicinity. Maximum activity was found between July and August.

As a result, species of Tabanidae were reported earlier in Elazığ province were also confirmed with this study.

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