Taurine has been proved to play important roles such as modulation of neurotransmitters and antioxidation. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial action of taurine in diabetes-associated cardiac complications. In the present study, we investigated the effects of taurine on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB p65) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in heart tissue of rats. Forty (8-week-old) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; (i) control group, (ii) taurine treated group, (iii) diabetes induced with injection of streptozotocine (STZ) group, (iv) diabetic group treated with taurine (2% w/v, orally, in water) from the day on which STZ was injected or after the onset of diabetes for 8 weeks. The increased heart tissue malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats were significantly decreased by taurine supplementation (P<0.001). The decreased heart tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in diabetic rats were significantly increased by taurine supplementation (P<0.001). Moreover, diabetes-induced up-regulation of NF-κB and down regulation of Nrf2, HO-1, eNOS, and SIRT-1 in heart tissue were slightly prevented with taurine supplementation. These data suggest that taurine supplementation could play a beneficial role in recovery of diabetes and its associated complications by modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 /HO-1 pathways in the heart tissue.