The antioxidant and radioprotective effects of propolis against ionizing radiation induced oxidative damage were investigated. Twenty one rats were divided in to 3 groups; 1^st group was the control group; 2^nd group was the irradiation group, physiological saline (i.p.)/ 3 days + 9 Gy gamma irradiation; 3^rd group was irradiation + Propolis group, propolis (i.p. 100 mg / kg BW) / 3 days + 9 Gy gamma irradiation. As a result of irradiation, a significant increase was determined in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of liver, kidney, and brain tissues of the rats (P<0.001). There was a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of all the tissues (P˂0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in the liver (P˂0.01). Also, GSH level increased significantly in the kidney (P˂0.001) and ovarium tissues (P˂0.05). The MDA levels that increased in the liver as a result of irradiation, decreased significantly due the addition of propolis (P˂0.001); whereas, the MDA levels that increased in kidney and brain did not change. In the spleen and ovarium tissues, MDA levels decreased significantly as a result of addition of propolis compared to the irradiation group (P˂0.05). It was determined that GSH levels, that decreased in the liver (P˂0.01), and increased in the kidney due to addition of propolis, and GSH levels, that decreased in the liver as a result of irradiation (P˂0.01) and increased in the kidney (P˂0.001), approached to the normal level (P˂0.001) and the GSH levels in the spleen and brain increased compared to both the control and irradiation groups (P˂0.05). The addition of propolis caused a decrease in the GSH-Px activities of heart, spleen, brain, and ovarium tissues compared to both the control and irradiation groups (P˂0.001). Also, a decrease in the SOD activity of heart tissue compared to the control group was found (P˂0.05).