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Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (Veteriner)
2000, Cilt 14, Sayı 1, Sayfa(lar) 115-127
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Epidemiological Studies on Cattle Hypodermosis in Turkey
Fahri SAYIN1, Ahmet KALKAN2, Zafer KARAER1
1A.Ü Veteriner Fakültesi, Protozooloji ve Entomoloji Bilim Dalı, Ankara-TÜRKİYE
2Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Hastalıklar Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara-TÜRKİYE
Keywords: Cattle, Hypodermosis,Epidemiology

An epidemiological study was carried out on cattle hypodermosis in Turkey for 3 years. A total of 68 study sites were chosen in 21 subdivisions of 7 geographical regions (Blacksea, Marmara, Agean, Mediterrenean, Central Anotolia, East Anotolia, Southeast Anotolia) which are climatically different from each other. In each study site cattle moving to pasture and those slaughtering in slaughter-house were examined for warble (Hypoderma) infestation.

Identification of 4595 Hypoderma larvae collected from slaughtered cattle showed that they were composed of 86% Hypoderma bovis and 14% Hypoderma lineatum. The composition of the species in 7 geographical regions were 91% H.bovis and 9% H.lineatum in Blacksea coast, 81% H.bovis and 19% H.lineatum in Marmara area, 68% H.bovis and 32% H.lineatum in Ageansea coast, 83% H.bovis and 17% H.lineatum in Mediterrenean coast, 93% H.bovis and 7% H.lineatum in Central Anotolia, 97% H.bovis and 3% H.lineatum in East Anotolia, 80% H.bovis and 20% H.lineatum in Southeast Anotolia. Examination of cattle by palpation in field indicated that warble infestation rate (caused by either H.bovis or H.lineatum or both) was 28.3% in Blacksea, 28.0% in Marmara, 41.6% in Agean, 33.0% in Mediterrenean, 38.9% in Central Anotolia, 41.9% in East Anotolia and 47.8% in Southeast Anotolia. However infestation rate of cattle with Hypoderma reached a maximum levels between 73% and 84% in some study sites in geographical regions.

The mean number of warble larvae per cattle was 7.0 in Blacksea, 12.1 in Marmara, 8.0 in Agean, 6.2 in Mediterrenean, 8.7 in Central Anotolia, 5.6 in East Anotolia and 5.1 in Southeast Anotolia. However number of the warble larvae counted on single animal varied between 45 and 50 in some study sites in the geographical regions.

On the other hand, warble infestation was 27.1% in the cattle grazing on high level mountainous area and 23.7% in the cattle grazing on low level flat area. It was 31.2% in the cattle grazing on arit area and 25.5% in the cattle grazing on humid area. It was 36.5% in the cattle grazing on woodland and 38.2% in those grazing on bareland. This indicated that the nature of pasture didn't have importance for warble infestation in cattle.

The studies on slaughtered cattle showed that second stage warble larva occured in the animal between November and April, and then developed into third stage larvae from January to May. The studies also indicated that third stage larvae increased in number under skin of the animal during January and February. They holed the skin between February and May, and droped off until June. There was no second and third stages larva in cattle between July and October. Animal owners did not permit us to search first stage warble larva in cattle carcass in slaughter house.


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