Neospora caninum, an important cause of bovine abortion in the worldwide, is a coccidian parasite. Dogs can act as definitive hosts and are a likely source of oocysts for postnatal infection of cattle. Transplacental transmission is considered the major route of transmission of N. caninum in cattle. During the past decade, this infection has emerged as an important reproductive disease in cattle throughout the world. Abortion is the only clinical sign observed in adult cows. Routine diagnosis of N. caninum infection is by clinical signs; by histological examination of foetal heart and brain; and by IFAT and ELISA tests. At present, there is no effective treatment for bovine neosporosis. This paper presents information on biology, diagnosis, epidemiology, economic impact and control of neosporosis in cattle.