The human and animal bodies have an endogenous regeneration system through stem cells that are found in almost every tissue type. Stem cells have the ability to self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into various cells. Stem cell studies in veterinary medicine continue to develop rapidly, both experimentally and clinically. Recently, stem cells have been used in the treatment of eye, liver, kidney, heart, musculoskeletal, neurological, dermatological, respiratory and digestive system diseases. Recent developments in stem cell biology have provided new perspectives in the treatment of incurable diseases. Stem cell therapy has provided promising results to treat several types of diseases, such as eye diseases, dermatological diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases in veterinary medicine. In addition to the great developments in stem cell therapy, it is thought that this field has the potential to develop new treatment strategies and therefore further studies are needed in this area.